• Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune disorder

  2024-02-23

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic BI6727 receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopathogenesis of MG. Experim

• Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not a

  2024-02-23

  

  Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major Rizatriptan Benzoate α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esteras

• Nevertheless though the LO pathway dictates the

  2024-02-23

  

  Nevertheless, though the 5-LO pathway dictates the production of lipid mediators with opposite roles in the immune reactions, like LTs and LXA4 [32], our results seemed to corroborate others that pointed to LTB4 as an outstanding mediator involved in persistent and chronic inflammatory skin diseases

• For these reasons the role played by autophagy in

  2024-02-23

  

  For these reasons, the role played by autophagy in environmental neurotoxicity is not always easily determinable. Indeed, although the neuroprotective role of autophagy has been shown by several studies, sometimes induction of autophagy was associate with deleterious effects (Glick et al., 2010, Sri

• In many cells AR mediated activation of

  2024-02-23

  

  In many Altretamine α1-AR mediated activation of PLC has been shown to be the downstream process for NA-induced signalling. The activated PLC initiates subsequent signalling by breakdown of PIP2 to IP3 and DAG (Fisher and Agranoff, 1987) and the process continues. To confirm if such mechanism exist

• Loss of expression or functional activity

  2024-02-23

  

  Loss of expression or functional activity of cell adhesion is intricately related to advanced stages of tumour progression and invasiveness. Martin-Belmonte and Perez-Moreno recently mentioned that the deregulation of adhesion can alter tumourgenesis in the early stage. We have shown for the first t

• Pathological angiogenesis occurs when an imbalance of endoge

  2024-02-22

  

  Pathological angiogenesis occurs when an imbalance of endogenous proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors occurs. Although the focus of angiogenesis-related drug development has been geared to the discovery of antiangiogenic compounds for use in pathologies where excessive angiogenesis occurs (cance

• Previous studies have thus demonstrated that

  2024-02-22

  

  Previous studies have thus demonstrated that AR activation generally correlates with the promotion of urothelial carcinogenesis and cancer growth. In this article, we review available data suggesting their modulation through the AR pathway as well as correlations of AR signals with sensitivity to co

• Kim et al found that hydroxydopamine OHDA promoted the

  2024-02-22

  

  Kim et al. (2013) found that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) promoted the atrophy of dopaminergic neurons associated with the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), the translocation of apoptosis inductor factor (AIF) and the depletion of ATP. An increase in p-AMPK and pS6K (upstream kinase o

• br Results We set out to identify

  2024-02-22

  

  Results We set out to identify in an unbiased manner a set of candidate “scaling factors” that might participate in transcription-dependent synaptic scaling up. The ex vivo slice and profiling studies were conducted on HsCt5 mice (described later) at postnatal day (P) 14 to P15, an age at which s

• In hypothalamus as indicated in Fig column A

  2024-02-22

  

  In hypothalamus, as indicated in Fig. 2 (column A) and following the enzymatic cascade represented in Fig. 1, we could hypothesize a predominance of Ang 2–10 and Ang III formation in SHR compared to WKY. This is in agreement with previous results that reported significant higher rate of Ang 2–10 for

• In summary our data have shown that

  2024-02-22

  

  In summary, our data have shown that one mechanism by which glucose may mediate monocyte–endothelial cell interaction in the retinal endothelial cells is via the 12/15-LO pathway Furthermore, our current and previously published data [20,22] indicate a differential role of endothelial 12/15-LO vers

• On the other hand there was no difference

  2024-02-22

  

  On the other hand, there was no difference in effectiveness performing ALK by FISH with regard to the sample site. When it was extracted from the primary tumor, we obtained 27.4% of not-evaluable specimens. Similar percentages were found for node (26.7%) and apomorphine (31.3%) samples (p = 0.903).

• Aberrant or a sustained activation of AhR signaling pathway

  2024-02-22

  

  Aberrant or a sustained activation of AhR signaling pathway, triggered by exogenous toxic ligands such as dioxins, PAHs or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), is a well-described biological process engaged during tumor initiation and/or promotion in various tissues (e.g. liver, lung, skin)(reviewed in

• To investigate further the clinical and

  2024-02-22

  

  To investigate further the clinical and mutational spectrum associated with -related dyskinesia, we here performed a screen in a large series of patients affected with an unexplained hyperkinetic movement disorder, resulting in the identification of 2 pediatric patients presenting with a novel pheno

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